Compared to previous years,2010 was quite jerky in terms of China's foreign policy.In particular,increasing of artificial tensions in China-USA relations,urged China's foreign policy. The political and economic impact of China that is increasing,inevitably brought the regional repercussions with it. China,that has seen himself as a part of East Asia before and tried to limit its effect within the boundaries,especially in 2001,after joined World Trade Organization,couldn't continue this policy more.Because China represents himself as a regional country at every opportunity and behind of this there is a thought of being Middle Kingdom,that includes a bit of cultural chauvinism and is affected by the traditional Chinese idea. While this idea was shaping about China's world recognizing,at the same time he didn't want foreign forces for interfering his own eminent domain as Monroe Doctrine and at the same time China,himself, provided a legitimate basis to remain indifferent contrary to other countries. Both,in the scope of the technology revolution the information age and information society,as well as a member of the World Trade Organization,China with its integration with world economy,couldn't make continue its abstraction strategy. Both,in the scope of the technology revolution the information age and information society,as well as a member of the World Trade Organization,China with its integration with world economy,couldn't make continue its abstraction strategy. U.S and Russia are the best examples for this two close relationship.Unfortunately,there had been a great difficulties in relations of both country with China. Especially,Chinese-Russian relations have entered to tense process because of the events in Iran,North Korea and in Kyrgyzstan. Beijing Management hosted an important visit in recent September to overcome this tension with Russia and to disrupt the potential American-Russian alliance.
Medvedev's visit to China
Russian President Medvedev,officially visited China between September 26-28 2010 as a guest of Hu Jintao.This visit is the second visit of Medvedev to China for 2008.Medvedev visited Beijing,Shanghai and Dailan. Medvedev,especially in Dailan,came together with Chinese and Russian veterans that had participated in Chinese Resistance War against Japan between the years 1937-1945. During this visit,there had been 15 agreements signed between the two countries.More effective and widespread process of collobaration was decided to start in the area of energy.Chinese President Hu,highlighted that this visit had been the biggest diplomatic event of 2010 in Chinese -Russian relations.
Energy Cooperation
Energy cooperation is the most important dimension of Chinese-Russian relations.In the last visit of Medvedev,the completion of important energy project was celebrated also that was as a current issue for a long time. Hu Jintao,Chinese President gave a speech at the ceremony,said that this project's completion had been the model and cooperation indicator and emphasized that this was the turning point in Chinese-Russian energy cooperation. Coming from Angarsk region of Russia to Daqing region of China,the agreement was made in 2009 that was about 999 km oil pipeline. According to this agreement in exchange for credit to oil,China will provide a $ 25 billion long-term credit to Russia and Russia will give 300 million tons of a crude oil to China from 2011 to 2030. With this agreement,Russia will propel 15 million tons of crude oil to China beginning from January 1,2011. This amount forms 7-8% of China's annual oil reports.Currently,China imports 200 million tons of oil in a year,namely half of its annual oil requirement.Arabian Gulf region provides 80% of their oil importing.Oil has been reaching to China through the routes of sea.However,in recent years new threats and some security deficiencies began to put this shipment in danger.China has alternative methods of transportation even if they can not replace of marine transportation.One of these is to move oil from Russia via railway.It is more safe compared to marine transportation,but the costs of transportation is too high,slow and some disadvantages like the size of tank wagons carrying capacity is small,put forward that railway can not substitute marine transportation.
As being remembered,this pipeline project became a current issue in Putin era and Japan had also demanded to the same line.Japan had offered a big sum of money to the Russia in exchange for directing this line to Nodhadka.This offer of Japan was seen very useful for Putin management.Because,there had been an opportunity to make Moscow and Japan and South Korea addicted over this energy with such a pipeline.In addition,this could be a bargaining tool for the future of Kuril islands that has problems with Japan for Russia.But since then,Japan became closely with USA in the area of regional security.Senior U.S officials often visited Japan and this persuaded them.Japan gave up the precious insistences for this project.Putin used this pipeline project as a leverage against to China.But when Medveded came to the management,he put an end to this energy diplomacy of Russia and a final agreement has been reached with China. Medvedev government removed Japan alternative,by making a choise between regional and global strategic position of China with a big sum of money and different options that were presented by Japan.On the other hand,Washing also didn't want neither Japan nor South Korea's entering such an energy bargaining with Russia.
The New Security Concept Between Russia and China
Another striking detail in Medvedev-Hu meeting,the mutual statement about deepening the bilateral relations of China and Russia.In statement: China and Russia announced to develop a new security concept that is based on mutual trust,benefit,equality and cooperation.They have made commitments about mutual supporting of the two countries' fundamental interests like national sovereignty,unity and territorial integrity.Russia,highlighted that he had supported national unity and territorial integrity of China and strong stance on issues related to Xinjiang of China.China expressed that he supported the efforts of protecting fundamental interests of Russia and improving the peace and stability of Russia in Caucasus and the CIS.At the same time,China and Russia had signed an agreement that was about to fight terrorism,separatism and extremism.The improvement of bilateral relations,regional security is so important as energy.In terms of understanding the level of relations between the two countries,it is important to look the visitings of the leaders' of both country.Chinese President Hu Jintao's first visiting was to Russia in 2003,and he showed the importance China gave to Russia.Medvedev had taken a new ground by doing his first visiting to China.Moreover,the problem of border between China and Russia had been solved.The problems like border issues from past,re-fueling the hostilities between the two countries.when the leaders come to the work and their first visitings give the outlines of the new policies of the countries and new goverments.
Relations of Defence
In the relations of China-Russia,the biggest cooperation area is the military and defence topics.Russia provides ninety percent of weapon intaking of China.China constitutes 39% of weapon sales of Russia.But in recent years,Russia has not been selling weapons to China like nuclear submarines,aircraft and missiles that can carry nuclear bomb that based on high technology.This situation disturbs China.Russian defence circles,in the era of Putin, presented a confidential report to Kremlin.Weapon sales to China caused a military giant's rising.Such a development exposed a possibility of threat to Russia's national security.Another sources of concern is China's possibility of producing weapons by copying.For example,in recent times,due to the production in China of Kalashnikov rifles,Russia has a big loss in weapon industry.China is selling these rifles pretty cheap to the world that produces a larger amount of these.The principle of reducing sales of high-tech weapons remains valid today.Stopping the sale of these weapons,Russia is in a bad situation about significiant profit.But in recent years,new customers especially as Algeria,Indonesia and Venezuela have been seen as a candidate that will keep a place of China.With agreements that made with these countries,Russia's gaining is about to $ 32 billion.
Regional Security Mechanisms

The most important turning points in China-Russia relations is race of superiority.In particular,Moscow is approaching suspicious of China's activity in the Asian and Caspian region.Beijing improved the relations with former Soviet republics and offered alternative grounds.This bothers Russia.While Russia is trying to create a collective security organization,Shanghai Cooperation Organization is the biggest obstacle that is under the leadership of China.In practice,even if Russia has no attitude against Shanghai Cooperation Organization,its not pleased at the effectiveness of China.Russia wants an organization that is their own coordination just like Warsaw Pact.However,neither China nor USA and the West are looking positive to this.For this reason,for a long time it have been trying to take Russia Shanghai Cooperation Organization away from military block and an collective defence identity.But in 2008,in the war with the U.S and NATO,Russia couldn't have the support it expected from Shanghai Cooperation Organization and stayed alone.Thus it caused Kremlin to review the strategic national security approachings for him.Especially the Shanghai Cooperation Organization that is free from military,has no deterrence in the moments of crisis.Therefore,Moscow cut in his project that was about Collective Security Treaty Organization's integrating to Shanghai Cooperation Organization as a wing of military.And meetings began with China about this issue.In particular,Uzbekistan and some member countries have been disturbed from this event.

Kyrgyzstan Factor

In recently,the most important factor that influenced the relations between Chinese-Russian has been the change in administration.As being remembered,in April 2010,the political conflicts began to grow rapidly and became a threat for Central Asia's stability and peace.Kyrgyzstan played an active role in normalization of this situation and China excluded from Central Asia and kept away from the solution process.However,last 20 year,China's effectiveness in this region has been officially ignored.Russia acted together with the U.S to reduce the impact of China or in other words didn't avoid establishing the ''holy alliance''.Moscow,that persuaded Beijing to take place alongside against missile shield project of U.S and achieved to incite China on this issue against the U.S,in the last minute concluded an agreement on missile shield with the U.S and meanly left China alone.Russia's relations that was improved with NATO has long been annoyed Beijing.However,Beijing realised a military operation with Moscow in 2005 and 2007.Russia has been profitable from the partnership with the U.S in the Central Asia. In the membership of the World Trade Organization,backed the support of U.S and guaranteed the military bases in Kyrgyzstan.Thus gained the trust of the new Kyrgyz government.This pragmatic situation didn't escape from China.Recently,USA-Russia compressed China in the geography of Eurasian and tried to make China as a Pacific country rather than being a power of Eurasian.China that was compressed in the Pacific region,faced with Japan and South Korea.While North Korea accused South Korea for his sunk ship,indirectly accused China.In recent September,there was a Chinese fishing boat in East China Sea and it had been kept by Japan,captain also had been into custody.This event has outraged the developing Chinese-Japanese relations since 2003.Largest mass demonstrations were organized against Japan in China.China suspended all high level relations against Japan.Japan,instead of reducing tensions with China,developed them more and in fact pointed the public's attention and pressure to another direction that on the country's political and economic crisis.In fact there was a similar situation in China.From time to time,considering in East China Sea it was experienced about the same events,this time China's reaction is found quite tough.Undoubtedly,the most important factor that lies behind Beijing government's tough respond is China's being limited neither in the geography of Eurasian nor in Pacific region.The ups and downs in Russian foreign policy and more important contradictions have destroyed Russia's new foreign policy that was formed by Putin.When Putin gave up the task,there was the deep disagreements between U.S and Russia.Medvedev looked like he was searching for a luck in second period by trying Russia's direction to the West. Up and downs of Russia in China policy are due to the struggle between Eurasians and Atlanticists.However USA in Obama administration didn't back down from the traditional policies and took steps for NATO to adapt them 21th century conditions.This disappointed Kremlin that led to Medvedev.Russia thought to establish the stable relationship with USA it captured that is with China but it couldn't realize. USA never neglected the fact of encirclement of Russia and China in Eurasion geography and continued to work in this way.Russia took place in the side of U.S about Iran and left China alone.China didn't want to be excluded from the international community and was forced to give a positive vote to Iran's decision of sanction in the United Nations Security Council. Russia's uncertainty about Iran is as a result of the great competition between Atlanticists and Eurasians as mentioned above. In fact,a similar decomposition is also experienced in China.Some senior officials criticize China's orientation to Eurasia and emphasizes that China must be active in Pacific region. Main starting points of the advocates of this view is the fact that China is a country in Pacific.This group suggest that being Eurasian is a great imagination and doesn't reflect the realities and this dream shatters Tsarist Russia and Soviet Union. This group stands for the development of relations with the U.S. However,an increasing trade volume between China and Russia makes Moscow more valuable in terms of Beijing.Looking at recent data,the volume of trade between China-Russia,it reached to 35,3 billion dolars between 2009-2010 and captured fifty percent growth of volume.This confirms the prediction.